Chiral Dynamics of Ultracold Atoms under a Tunable SU(2) Synthetic Gauge Field
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Surface currents emerge in superconductors exposed to magnetic fields, and
are a key signature of the Meissner effect. Analogously, chiral dynamics were
observed in quantum simulators under synthetic Abelian gauge fields. The
flexible control of these simulators also facilitates the engineering of
non-Abelian gauge fields, but their impact on the chiral dynamics remains
elusive. Here, by employing the cutting-edge momentum-lattice technique, we
implement a synthetic SU(2) gauge field in a spinful 1D ladder and study the
rich chiral dynamics therein. We confirm the non-Abelian nature of the
synthetic potential by observing the non-Abelian Aharonov-Bohm effect on a
single plaquette. More importantly, the chiral current along the two legs of
the ladder is observed to be spin-dependent and highly tunable through the
parameters of the gauge potential. We experimentally map out different dynamic
regimes of the chiral current, and reveal the underlying competition between
overlaying flux ladders with distinct spin compositions. Our experiment
demonstrates the dramatic impact of non-Abelian gauge fields on the system
dynamics, paving the way for future studies of exotic synthetic gauge fields on
the versatile platform of momentum lattices.
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