Immune Regulatory Networks and Therapy of æ T Cells in Liver Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancements

The roles of gamma delta T cells in liver cancer, especially in the potential function of immunotherapy due to their direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and secretion of important cytokines and chemokines, have aroused research interest. This re-view briefly describes the basic characteristics of gamma delta T cells, focusing on their diverse effects on liver cancer. In particular, different subtypes of gamma delta T cells have diverse or even opposite effects on liver cancer. We provide a detailed description of the immune regulatory network of gamma delta T cells in liver cancer from two aspects: immune components and nonimmune components. The interactions between various components in this immune regulatory network are dynamic and pluralistic, ultimately determining the biological effects of gamma delta T cells in liver cancer. We also integrate the current knowledge of gamma delta T-cell immunotherapy for liver cancer treatment, emphasizing the potential of these cells in liver cancer immunotherapy.