Effect of implant shape and length on the accuracy of robot-assisted immediate implant surgery: An in vitro study

ObjectivesTo compare the accuracy of immediate implant placement of cylindrical implants (CI) and tapered implants (TI) of different lengths using a robotic dental implant system.Materials and MethodsCI and TI of three lengths (8, 10, and 12 mm) each were digitally planned and placed in a three-dimensional printed extraction socket model under robotic guidance. There were six groups with three samples in each group, resulting in a total of 18 samples. Implant angular deviation, platform point deviation (total, lateral, depth), and implant apical point deviation (total, lateral, depth) were recorded and compared between the different groups.ResultsThe angular deviations for CI 8 mm, CI 10 mm, CI 12 mm, TI 8 mm, TI 10 mm, and TI 12 mm were 1.32 degrees +/- 0.19 degrees, 1.03 degrees +/- 0.56 degrees, 1.31 degrees +/- 0.38 degrees, 1.27 degrees +/- 0.64 degrees, 1.10 degrees +/- 0.43 degrees and 1.05 degrees +/- 0.45 degrees, respectively. The total deviations of platform and apical points for CI 8 mm, CI 10 mm, CI 12 mm, TI 8 mm, TI 10 mm, and TI 12 mm were 0.79 +/- 0.18 mm, 0.77 +/- 0.33 mm; 0.64 +/- 0.21 mm, 0.55 +/- 0.17 mm; 0.64 +/- 0.37 mm, 0.65 +/- 0.34 mm; 0.68 +/- 0.26 mm, 0.71 +/- 0.20 mm; 0.70 +/- 0.12 mm, 0.66 +/- 0.23 mm; and 0.71 +/- 0.15 mm, 0.77 +/- 0.29 mm, respectively, and had no significant differences.ConclusionsWithin the limitation of this study, acceptable accuracy can be achieved for both TI and CI using robotic systems. Our study demonstrated that the implant shape and length did not affect the accuracy of immediate implant placement under robotic guidance in vitro. However, further trials are required to confirm their efficacy in clinical practice.