Hospitals' financial performance across European countries: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION:Hospitals remain the cornerstone of health systems in European countries. Therefore, the financial sustainability of hospitals constitutes an important determinant of healthcare provision security. The fragmentary data available indicate that hospitals in many European countries are continuously facing financial deficits and/or insolvency problems. Yet a comparative analysis of hospital financial performance across European countries has been lacking. The proposed review will, therefore, fill in an important research gap and build a knowledge base on the topic of assessing and monitoring the financial sustainability of hospitals in Europe. The general objective is to identify, synthetise and map existing evidence on hospital financial performance across European countries. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:This scoping review will follow six stages: (1) defining the research question, (2) identifying relevant literature, (3) studies selection, (4) data extraction, (5) collating, summarising and reporting of results and (6) consultation process and involvement of knowledge users. The following databases will be searched:(1) Medline via PubMed, (2) Web of Science Core Collection, (3) Scopus and (4) ProQuest Central. In addition, a Google Engine search will also be performed. Furthermore, reference lists of relevant papers will be visually scanned to identify further studies of interest. The review will include both quantitative and qualitative empirical studies as well as theoretical papers and technical reports. The PRISMA extension for a Scoping Review checklist will be used for reporting. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:Formal ethical approval is not required because no primary data will be collected in this study. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings will also be disseminated through conference presentations and summaries to key stakeholders.