Clinical utility of plasma Aβ42/40 ratio by LC-MS/MS in Alzheimer's disease assessment.

INTRODUCTION:Plasma Aβ42/40 ratio can be used to help predict amyloid PET status, but its clinical utility in Alzheimer's disease (AD) assessment is unclear. METHODS:Aβ42/40 ratio was measured by LC-MS/MS in 250 specimens with associated amyloid PET imaging, diagnosis, and demographic data, and 6,192 consecutive clinical specimens submitted for Aβ42/40 testing. RESULTS:High diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) for Aβ-PET positivity were observed, consistent with the clinical performance of other plasma LC-MS/MS assays, but with greater separation between Aβ42/40 values for individuals with positive vs negative Aβ-PET results. Assuming a moderate prevalence of Aβ-PET positivity, a cutpoint was identified with 99% NPV, which could help predict that AD is likely not the cause of patients' cognitive impairment and help reduce PET evaluation by about 40%. DISCUSSION:Using high-throughput plasma Aβ42/40 LC-MS/MS assays can help reduce PET evaluations in patients with low likelihood of AD pathology, allowing for cost savings.