The impact of local and systemic penicillin on antimicrobial properties and growth factor release in platelet-rich fibrin: In vitro study

Objective This study evaluates the impact of local and systemic administration of penicillin on the antimicrobial properties and growth factors of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) under in vitro conditions. Materials and methods The study involved 12 volunteers. Four tubes of venous blood were collected before systemic antibiotic administration. Two tubes were centrifuged at 2700 RPM for 12 min to obtain PRF, while 0.2 ml of penicillin was locally added into other two tubes. After systemic administration, blood samples were again collected and subjected to centrifugation. The release of growth factors (IGF-1, PDGF, FGF-2, and TGFβ-1) was determined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and an antibiotic sensitivity test was performed for S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Results Results showed that local antibiotic addition before PRF centrifugation had a significant antimicrobial effect without affecting growth factor releases. There was no statistically significant difference in antimicrobial properties between PRF prepared with systemic antibiotic administration and PRF prepared without antibiotics. Materials and methods The study suggests that incorporating localized antibiotics into PRF results in strong antimicrobial effects without compromise of growth factor release. However, the combination of PRF with systemic antibiotics did not significantly enhance its antimicrobial properties compared to PRF prepared without antibiotics. Clinical relevance Local addition of penicillin into PRF provides strong antimicrobial properties which may help reduce dependence on systemic antibiotic regimens, mitigating antibiotic resistance and minimizing associated side effects.