Identification of small circular DNA viruses in coyote fecal samples from Arizona (USA)

Coyotes ( Canis latrans ) have a broad geographic distribution across North and Central America. Despite their widespread presence in urban environments in the USA, there is limited information regarding viruses associated with coyotes in the USA and in particular the state of Arizona. To explore viruses associated with coyotes, particularly small DNA viruses, 44 scat samples were collected (April–June 2021 and November 2021–January 2022) along the Salt River near Phoenix, Arizona (USA), along 43 transects (500 m). From these samples, we identified 11 viral genomes: two novel circoviruses, six unclassified cressdnaviruses, and two anelloviruses. One of the circoviruses is most closely related to a circovirus sequence identified from an aerosolized dust sample in Arizona, USA. The second circovirus is most closely related to a rodent-associated circovirus and canine circovirus. Of the unclassified cressdnaviruses, three encode replication-associated proteins that are similar to those found in protists ( Histomonas meleagridis and Monocercomonoides exilis ), implying an evolutionary relationship with or a connection to similar unidentified protist hosts. The two anelloviruses are most closely related to those found in rodents, and this suggests a diet-related identification.