Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) during Strong Geomagnetic Activity (Storms, Substorms, and Magnetic Pulsations) on 23-24 April 2023

We analyzed intense geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) recorded during a complex space weather event observed on 23-24 April 2023. Two geomagnetic storms characterized by SYM/H intensities of -179 nT and -233 nT was caused by southward IMG Bz of -25 nT in the sheath fields and -33 nT in the magnetic cloud (MC) fields. GIC observations were divided into two local time sectors: nighttime (1700-2400 UT on 23 April) GICs observed during the interplanetary sheath magnetic storm, and morning sector (0200-0700 UT on 24 April) GICs observed during the MC magnetic storm. By using the direct measurements if GIC on several substations of Karelian-Kola power line (located in the north-west portion of Russia) and gas pipeline station near Mäntsälä (south of Finland), we managed to trace the meridional profile of GIC increase at different latitudes. It was shown that the night sector GIC intensification ( 18-42 A) occurred in accordance with poleward expansion of the westward electrojet during substorm. On the other hand, the intense morning sector GICs ( 12-46 A) were caused by Ps6 magnetic pulsations. In addition to the Ps6 pulsations, comparable in intensity morning GIC ( 44 A) was associated with a local substorm-like disturbance caused by a high density solar wind structure, pissibly a coronal loop portion of an ICME.