Comprehensive genomic profiling of small bowel adenocarcinoma by tissue and plasma biopsy

Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. The molecular landscape and immunological characteristics of SBA are poorly understood. Here, we performed comprehensive mutation profiling of tissue and plasma biopsies from 143 and 42 patients with SBA. Analysis showed that SBA had a distinct mutation spectrum from left- and right-sided colorectal carcinoma. Plasma biopsy had high concordance with tissue biopsy for single nucleotide variants and structural variants, but low concordance for copy number variations, which showed that plasma biopsy can be an alternative to tissue biopsy. Moreover, we analyzed the association of TMB with clinical and molecular features, and found that TMB was significantly higher in tumors with DNA damage response alterations. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular and immunological features of SBA and demonstrate the potential of plasma biopsy as a noninvasive method for SBA diagnosis and treatment.