Cycling through the ranks: a cross-sectional analysis of endurance, strength and body composition indicators in junior, elite, and amateur competitive road cyclists

BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to compare different performance indicators, encompassing endurance, body composition, and maximal and explosive strength markers, among competitive Lithuanian cyclists across different age and performance categories.METHODS: Thirty Lithuanian male cyclists in elite (EL, N.=10), amateur (AM, N.=10), and junior (JU, N.=10) categories underwent body composition analysis, knee extensors' isometric strength and ultrasound measurements, maximal incremental exercise tests, cycling efficiency protocol, and sprint performance evaluations. Additionally, competition results and power profiles were analyzed. RESULTS: EL cyclists had greater experience and higher annual kilometers (P<0.05). Quadriceps muscle size exhibited significant differences, being greater in EL than JU (P<0.05), whereas no noteworthy variations were observed in body fat or isometric strength. EL athletes demonstrated higher maximal oxygen consumption, maximal aerobic power, and sprint performance compared to JU and AM, particularly when considering absolute power metrics (P<0.05). Interestingly, despite JU achieving lower ranks in competitions, power profiles differed minimally between EL and JU. Furthermore, both JU and AM expended more energy during competitions (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights disparities among Lithuanian cyclists, with EL cyclists showcasing advantages in endurance capacity and better competition outcomes, possibly due to their extensive experience, leading to a more efficient energy utilization. This research en-hances our understanding of the multifaceted nature of the sport performance within the realm of Lithuanian cycling.