Nano-Imaging of Landau-Phonon Polaritons in Dirac Heterostructures
arxiv(2023)
摘要
Polaritons are light-matter quasiparticles that govern the optical response
of quantum materials and enable their nanophotonic applications. We have
studied a new type of polaritons arising in magnetized graphene encapsulated in
hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). These polaritons stem from hybridization of
Dirac magnetoexciton modes of graphene with waveguide phonon modes of hBN
crystals. We refer to these quasiparticles as the Landau-phonon polaritons
(LPPs). Using infrared magneto nanoscopy, we imaged LPPs and controlled their
real-space propagation by varying the magnetic field. These LLPs have large
in-plane momenta and are not bound by the conventional optical selection rules,
granting us access to the "forbidden" inter-Landau level transitions (ILTs). We
observed avoided crossings in the LPP dispersion - a hallmark of the strong
coupling regime - occurring when the magnetoexciton and hBN phonon frequencies
matched. Our LPP-based nanoscopy also enabled us to resolve two fundamental
many-body effects: the graphene Fermi velocity renormalization and
ILT-dependent magnetoexciton binding energies. These results indicate that
magnetic-field-tuned Dirac heterostructures are promising platforms for precise
nanoscale control and sensing of light-matter interaction.
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