Sanguinarine modulates microglial function via PPARγ activation and protects against CNS demyelination

•Sanguinarine identified as effective drug candidate through CMAP screening for microglial modulation and remyelination.•PPARγ mediates sanguinarine's immunoregulatory impact on microglia.•Sanguinarine indirectly modulates the differentiation of OPCs and promotes remyelination in vivo.