Expression of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 in gastric adenocarcinoma and construction of a nomogram prognostic model

Background Aberrant expression of SWI/SNF complex subunits is closely associated with tumorigenesis. The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of altered SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 subunits has not been well evaluated in gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods We collected 1271 postoperative cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and then constructed tissue microarrays (TMA), from which we obtained the immunohistochemistry expression of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4. Next, we screened the variables related to the loss of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 by univariate correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Then, we identified the variables related to prognosis by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Finally, we constructed a nomogram prognostic model and evaluated it. Results The loss of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 occurred in 236 (18.57%) and 86 (6.77%) cases, respectively, including 26 cases of co-loss. After multivariate logistic regression, variables independently associated with SMARCA2 loss were T stage, differentiation status, WHO histological classification, and EBER. Variables independently associated with SMARCA4 loss were differentiation status, WHO histological classification, PD-L1, and MMR. Survival analysis revealed that the SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 lost groups showed worse survival than the corresponding present groups ( P = 0.032 and P = 0.0048, respectively). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses identified independent prognostic factors, including age, T stage, N stage, M stage, SMARCA2, and chemotherapy. Conclusion The loss of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 correlated with poor differentiation, leading to a worse prognosis. SMARCA2, as an independent prognostic factor, combined with other clinicopathological variables, established a novel nomogram prognostic model, which outperformed the AJCC TNM model.