Cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana in indoor and outdoor raceway ponds under glyphosate stress for bioproduct production

The widespread use of glyphosate as broad-spectrum herbicide has caused detrimental effects on phytoplankton communities. In the present study, the effects of glyphosate (4 mg/L) on the physiology of a resistant microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana UUIND6, were examined in both indoor and outdoor cultivation systems to correlate the findings with aquatic ecology. Notably, outdoor ponds had higher dissolved oxygen (17 mg/L) than indoor ponds, resulting in a 30