Extracting the speed of sound in the strongly interacting matter created in relativistic nuclear collisions with the CMS experiment
arxiv(2023)
摘要
A hot and dense matter exhibiting collective flow behavior with almost no
viscous dissipation has been discovered in ultrarelativistic nuclear
collisions. To constrain the fundamental degrees of freedom and equation of
state of this matter, these proceedings present an extraction of its speed of
sound using head-on lead-lead collision data collected by the CMS experiment at
a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The measurement is based
on an analysis of the observed charged multiplicity dependence of the average
particle transverse momentum in ultra-central events (impact parameter of
nearly zero), a variable which probes the system temperature as a function of
entropy density at a fixed volume. Results are compared with hydrodynamic
simulations and lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predictions of the
equation of state at high temperatures and small chemical potential.
Implications to search for QCD phase transition and the critical point are
discussed.
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