Exploring the optimization and management methods of ecological networks based on the cluster mode: A case study of Wuhan Metropolis, China

Ecologists and policymakers strive to develop and optimize ecological networks (ENs) to prevent landscape fragmentation. However, the role of the cluster structure for ENs is often overlooked. In this study, we established a cluster management mode of ENs in Wuhan Metropolis (WHM), with a focus on dividing ENs based on identified clusters and implementing differentiated optimization, protection, and strengthening measures. First, we developed an optimization method to solve the defects of layout (connectivity blind areas) and quality (barriers and pinch points) for the initially constructed ENs. The results showed that the connectivity blind areas of ENs were significantly shrunk after layout optimization. Meanwhile, ENs after quality optimization avoided rugged, redundant or obstructive corridors, while narrow corridors were also given priority protection. Second, the Infomap algorithm was applied to identify 33 clusters of optimized ENs in WHM. Finally, we evaluated EN clusters to provide guidance and bases for the cluster management mode of ENs. The results indicated that centrality indicators can be applied to evaluate the protection importance for ecological edges within clusters, and connectivity indicators can be used to evaluate the protection importance and strengthening potential for ecological edges between clusters. We assert that incorporating the cluster management mode of ENs into future ecological protection plans is essential for maintaining ecological integrity and connectivity.