Intelligent Frequency, Radiation Pattern and Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Applications

RF energy harvesting is a viable substitute for collecting energy directly via RF renewable resources for portable devices in the field. In this paper, a novel bandwidth-enhanced, compact, low profile Hybrid/Compound single feed frequency, polarization, and radiation pattern reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna is presented to collage a large amount of radiofrequency energy harvesting. The Reconfiguration mechanism is realized by electronically controlling different states of Switches. PIN Diode (as RLC Equivalent circuit) is used as a switch for ON/OFF states. This antenna mainly comprises Rectangular shape patches (28 GHz and 38 GHz) with Triango-Truncated edge at the corners. Eighteen PIN Diodes are placed symmetrically throughout the antenna presenting as, S1 & S2 for frequency reconfiguration between P1_28 (resonates at 28 GHz) & P2_38 (resonates at 38 GHz), S3 to S6 & S7 to S10 connects Triango Truncated edge at the corners for polarization reconfiguration at P1_28 & P2_38 GHz, and for radiation pattern reconfiguration at P1_28 & P2_38, S11 to S14 & S15 to S18 have been used. The proposed antenna model is capable of simultaneously changing, the radiation patterns as clock and anti-clockwise directions at ± 90-degree shift in E and H planes, circularly polarized (CP) states among, Linear Polarization (LP), Right Hand Circularly Polarization (RHCP), and Left Hand Circularly Polarization (LHCP). A fully functional prototype has been designed, fabricated and its compound reconfiguration characteristics have been validated for simulated and measured results. To attain good impedance matching and optimized performance, the antenna can be reconfigured for various configurations of the remote conditions of future 5G mobile communication systems and 28/38 GHz energy harvesting applications. Radiation pattern steering characteristics at a fixed operating frequency can be used to prevent noise, increase protection and save energy by accurately steering the signal to authorized users.