Enhancement micro filler spent coffee grounds in catalyst - chemically modified bast fibers reinforced biodegradable materials

In this study, an eco-friendly packaging biocomposite is developed using Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and chemically modified kenaf bast fibers with the help of sodium formate as a catalyst. Spent coffee grounds (SCG) were incorporated at different concentrations (1 %, 3 %, 5 %, and 7 %) into the biocomposites. Three variations of PHBV-reinforced bast fiber mats incorporated SCG were prepared: unmodified mats, mats chemically modified with propionic anhydride, and mats modified with propionic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst. These biocomposites were evaluated for physical, thermal, functional, water absorption, thickness swelling, water contact angle, and mechanical properties. Catalyzed propionylated bast fiber-based biocomposites showed improved functional properties, enhanced thermal stability, and superior mechanical performance than propionylated and unmodified biocomposites. Lower concentrations (1 % & 3 %) of spent coffee grounds filler resulted in better biocomposite properties, making them suitable for sustainable packaging applications. This study demonstrates the potential of these biocomposites for eco-friendly packaging solutions.