Hypertension in Cardio-Oncology Clinic: an update on etiology, assessment, and management

Hypertension is one of the most common comorbidity and the leading cause of cancer-related death in cancer patients. The prevalence of hypertension in cancer patients is much higher than that of the general population. In the older population of cancer patients, specific cancer treatments such as new tyrosine kinase inhibitors and Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor drugs give rise to hypertension in cancer patients; The aim of present study is to provide a detailed discussion etiologies of cancer treatment-induced hypertension and explore the most innovative diagnostic and management approaches. This review will address the optimal approach to hypertension treatment, covering treatment initiation thresholds, targets, and the selection of anti-hypertensive agents. The lack of evidence in recent guidelines for managing cardiovascular toxicities in cancer patients can create uncertainty in clinicians' therapeutic and clinical decisions. This review aims to enhance our understanding of hypertension etiology in cancer patients and provide a practical guide to current treatment approaches.