Exploring the Efficacy of Natural Tragacanth Gum-Induced Selenium Nanoparticles in Inducing Apoptosis in SW480 Colon Cancer Cells

Given the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer, there is a need for new approaches to combat this disease. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) are widely used in nanomedicine due to their exceptional physicochemical and biological properties. In this study, Tragacanth gum was used as a natural source for the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles. Several structural analyses were performed to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles, including XRD, FESEM, FTIR, and EDX. The results showed the successful synthesis of selenium nanoparticles with a spherical morphology and crystalline structure. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated by MTT assays. The results show a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the viability of SW480 cells. The results showed that Se-NPs@Tragacanth Gum exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on sw480 colon cancer cells, with IC50 values of 89 μg/mL. To study the association of induced cell death with oxidative stress, we assessed the levels of ROS in the SW480 cells that had been treated with Se-NPs@Tragacanth Gum using DCFH-DA assay. Furthermore, their apoptotic effects were confirmed by assessing apoptosis gene expression. These findings highlight the promising efficacy of selenium nanoparticles from natural gum Tragacanth in inducing apoptosis in SW480 cells, suggesting their potential as an effective anti-colon cancer agent.