Artificial intelligence in cardiothoracic surgery: current applications and future perspectives

Cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) is a complex and high-risk medical intervention that requires collaboration from various specialized professionals. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in CTS has been growing in popularity due to its potential to improve risk management, operation planning, and personalized care in CTS procedures. This chapter provides an overview of the current applications of AI in CTS, covering the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. The study highlights the potential benefits of AI in enhancing the accuracy and personalization of CTS procedures and its role in the future of CTS operations. The study suggests that extensive research efforts are needed to develop interpretable, robust, and generalizable AI models for CTS applications and establish standardized protocols for the safe and effective use of AI in CTS.