Active optical remote sensing technology for oil spill detection

As an active remote sensing technology, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technology overcomes the problems of temporal and spatial resolution and could achieve the detection and identification of oil slicks with high sensitivity and fast time response, as well as related sensors carrying platforms that are flexible, and has been developed and applied to some extent in the emergency handling of oil spill accidents. Based on the LIF, this chapter carried out the research on the accurate detection of oil slicks and the identification of oil species. Based on the research on the fluorescence generation mechanism and fluorometric characteristics extraction of the oil slicks, the method of identifying the crude oil species is proposed based on the fluorescence generation mechanism and fluorometric characteristics of the organic components in the oil. The fluorometric spectra composition method of oil slicks based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is proposed, which constructs the composite fluorometric spectra of different oil species and solves the problem of fluorometric spectra reconstruction of oil slicks. Based on the composite fluorometric spectra of different oil species, this chapter compares the difference between the measurement fluorometric spectra and composite fluorometric spectra of different oil species and provides a quantitative analysis method for the identification of fluorometric spectral differences. Based on the excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy of different oil species at different concentrations, a method for extracting characteristics of fluorometric spectra is proposed, and it is clear that 300–400 nm fluorometric spectrum is the characteristic band of oil slicks fluorescence detection and identification, which provides a basis for the selection of fluorometric spectra characteristic wavelength band in oil slicks detection and identification.