Sonochemical synthesis of metal–organic frameworks

The sonochemical synthesis is based on the principles of sonochemistry to make molecules undergo a chemical reaction with the application of powerful ultrasound radiation (20 kHz–10 MHz). The ultrasound energy fastens the nucleation and significantly shortens the crystallization time. Hence, sonochemistry has become a rapidly expanding technique, which takes the lead of ultrasound power for metal–organic frameworks (MOF) synthesis. This chapter offers examples of different types of instruments employed during sonochemical synthesis, how various factors influence the sonochemical process, safety measures, and important examples of sonochemical synthesis of certain popular MOFs. Some of the conventional synthesis processes of MOFs have been explained in detail. Notable advancement of sonochemical synthesis over conventional methods which led to the foundation of this new branch of chemical synthesis has been pointed out clearly.