Pulmonary Manifestations of COVID-19

After a brief introduction to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its clinical presentation, and its complications, this chapter discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical picture of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a foundation for insight into the mechanisms of COVID-19 lung injury and specific pulmonary manifestations and complications. The distinguishing features of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 ARDS are described, as are specific COVID-19 respiratory system manifestations, including potential long-term sequelae. The salient clinical features and management of COVID-19 pulmonary complications are discussed next, followed by three representative case reports that highlight and illustrate the severe impact of COVID-19 lung injury. The chapter concludes with a short discussion of the ramifications of COVID-19–induced long-term pulmonary sequelae.