1,4-Dioxane

1,4-dioxane was commonly used as a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents. Although that use has diminished in recent decades, exposure to the public occurs because of 1,4-dioxane water solubility and persistent environmental contamination of soil and groundwater. Its use as a chemical intermediate in modern production of industrial and consumer products (paints, cleaning supplies, cosmetics) can also lead to environmental release and exposure. 1,4-dioxane is a known liver carcinogen and has other potential negative health effects. This paper outlines the history of 1,4-dioxane, its uses, environmental behavior, toxicity, and management.