Electrochemical biosensor-based detection assays for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are the most common cause of dementia worldwide and impose enormous costs on the global economy. Given the increased life expectancy of the world's population, dementia represents a global challenge for today's healthcare systems. Diagnosis of NDD is mostly based on observation of clinical symptoms, which is a complex global detection task. Biosensors enable early and accurate diagnosis of the disease by detecting specific biomarkers, monitoring the disease over time, and assessing response to treatment. In particular, electrochemical biosensors provide a rapid, selective, and sensitive means of biomarker detection. An overview of recent advances in the use of electrochemical biosensors for disease biomarker detection will be presented. The latest and most relevant research on the development of electrochemical biosensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers and immunosensors for the detection of biomarkers for diseases will be discussed. Finally, opportunities and future directions for the use of electrochemical biosensors in NDD diagnosis are highlighted.