Training in Endoscopic Endonasal Neurosurgical Procedures: A Systematic Review of the Available Settings

Journal of neurological surgery(2023)

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摘要
Background: Proficiency in endoscopic endonasal neurosurgery (EEN) requires a unique skill set and is associated with a steep learning curve. Endoscopic simulation models present an opportunity for trainees to evolve their surgical skills and anatomical knowledge in a risk-free environment. Up to date, four main categories of training modalities have been recorded: cadaveric, synthetic, animal and virtual reality (VR) models.
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endoscopic endonasal neurosurgical procedures,training
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