Examining interventions that aim to enhance TB treatment adherence in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

•From 1,881 abstracts, we included 14 articles. There were 7,198 subjects with 3,163 (44%) receiving a TB treatment adherence intervention across eight countries.•Interventions included directly observed therapy, text-message reminders, food incentives, and more. The risk ratio, derived from the meta-analysis of eight included studies with a control group and 6,618 participants overall, was 1.04 (95% CI 1.01, 1.08; I2 = 29%), favoring the interventions over controls with little concern for heterogeneity or risk of bias.•Our systematic review and meta-analysis show that interventions in Southeast Asia to promote TB treatment adherence were slightly more likely to report increased TB treatment completion when compared to a control group.•A qualitative summation of the literature showed that interventions can help to increase TB treatment adherence in some populations, but there is a need to further understand which interventions are more effective and why.