Assembly and annotation of two high-quality columbid reference genomes from sequencing of aColumba liviaxColumba guineaF₁hybrid

ABSTRACT Pigeons and doves (family Columbidae) are one of the most diverse extant avian lineages, and many species have served as key models for evolutionary genomics, developmental biology, physiology, and behavioral studies. Building genomic resources for colubids is essential to further many of these studies. Here, we present high-quality genome assemblies and annotations for two columbid species, Columba livia and C. guinea . We simultaneously assembled C. livia and C. guinea genomes from long-read sequencing of a single F 1 hybrid individual. The new C. livia genome assembly (Cliv_3) shows improved completeness and contiguity relative to Cliv_2.1, with an annotation incorporating long-read IsoSeq data for more accurate gene models. Intensive selective breeding of C. livia has given rise to hundreds of breeds with diverse morphological and behavioral characteristics, and Cliv_3 offers improved tools for mapping the genomic architecture of interesting traits. The C. guinea genome assembly is the first for this species and is a new resource for avian comparative genomics. Together, these assemblies and annotations provide improved resources for functional studies of columbids and avian comparative genomics in general. ARTICLE SUMMARY Pigeons and doves are important models for evolutionary genomics, developmental biology, physiology, and behavioral studies. Here, we present high-quality reference genome assemblies and annotations for two pigeon species, the domestic rock pigeon ( Columba livia ) and the African speckled pigeon ( C. guinea ). These assemblies and annotations provide improved resources for both comparative genomics and functional studies.