New Topology of WSN for Smart Irrigation with Low Consumption and Long Range

Meteorological stations are a set of measuring devices, consisting of different sensors that record and provide information about physical measurements related to climate variations. These physical quantities can be temperature, wind speed, rainfall, etc. This paper proposes an optimal solution to monitor weather conditions at low cost, power consumption, and long-range based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The wireless communication protocol is used for the installed sensor network to know the amount of irrigation water in an agricultural field based on the values acquired by the station and soil sensors for controlling the state of solenoid valves. This station mainly detects temperature, pressure, humidity, solar radiation, precipitation value, and wind speed. With that information, other data parameters can be calculated, such as Forest fire Weather Index ( $$FWI)$$ and evapotranspiration ( $$E{T}_{0})$$ . The different data are sent to the database and web server, to be visualized at the developed applications.