International norm disputes

This final chapter in the book summarizes and compares the main findings in our six case studies of the link between contestation and norm robustness. We analyze the key factors of law, the relative power of norm challengers, and institutions in order to explain when contestation radicalizes and weakens international norms. Additionally, we discuss how this project relates to recent debates on issues such as norm complexity and change, practice, silence, and critique. We conclude by outlining how our findings and insights into the dynamics of international norms advance the current debate about the “crisis” of the liberal international order.