Outcomes and cost of open, laparoscopic, and percutaneous ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Open (OA), laparoscopic (LA), and percutaneous (PA) ablation are all important treatment modalities for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), However, which treatment approach is (A) most clinically effective, (B) cost-efficient and (C) regionally most prevalent across the U.S has not been thoroughly examined.