Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on care for chronic diseases in deprived and non-deprived neighbourhoods

Abstract Background Due to stringent lock-down measures imposed during COVID-19 pandemic the access to the primary care dropped significantly. This study aims to investigate the impact on GP consultations for diabetes mellitus (DM) and COPD during the pandemic. Methods In an observational study from January 2018-June 2022, anonymized medical records of 379.567 patients in Rotterdam, were analyzed for the impact on DM and COPD consultations during the lockdown (March-May 2020) and after the lockdown (June 2020-June 2022) compared to pre-pandemic levels. Results The study included 34.270 DM and 11.570 COPD patients. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, the patients living in deprived neighborhoods had comparisonly on average a higher number of consultations for DM (RR = 1.81, 95%CI=1.76-1.86) and COPD (RR = 1.48 95%CI=1.39-1.58). During the stringent lock-down there was almost same significant drop in both neighbourhoods in consultations for DM (RR = 0.85, 95%CI=0.79-0.92) and COPD (RR = 0.72, 95%CI=0.61-0.86). After the lockdown, the consultations for DM were higher and the HbA1c measurements were normalized compared to pre-pandemic levels in both neighbourhoods, (RR = 1.11, 95%CI=1.05-1.17) and (RR = 0.96, 95%CI=0.91-1.01) respectively. Conversely, the consultations for COPD and spirometry measurements remained significantly lower after the lockdown compared to pre-pandemic levels, (RR = 0.72, 95%CI=0.65-0.80) and (RR = 0.26, 95%CI=0.20-0.34) respectively. Surprisingly, the mean HbA1c value in the study population was significantly lower in the months after the lock-down (RR = 0.96, 95%CI=0.94-0.98) turning back to higher normal value at the end of 2021. Conclusions The recovery of primary care for chronic diseases after the lockdown phase was much faster for DM than for the COPD patients. The positive effect of lockdown on HbA1c was unfortunately temporary. More research is needed to know whether the decrease in chronic care has led to extra morbidity or mortality after 2 years of pandemic. Key messages • Diabetes mellitus’ care recovered soon for both deprived and non-deprived neighbourhoods after a significant drop during the lockdown. Lockdown seems to have a positive effect on disease management. • The significant delay in chronic care for COPD patients in both deprived and non-deprived neighbourhoods for almost two years, raises questions about the adverse health effects due to this delay.