A Therapeutic Approach of Essential Oils based on Aromatic Plants in the Treatment of Leishmaniasis and Vitiligo

Aromatic plants possessing medicinal and bioactive features are the optimistic treatments for irremediable diseases like Leishmaniasis and vitiligo. Leishmaniasis, a lethal disease with over 350 million affected people, has made it a growing concern due to its non-effectual drugs and increasing pathogenic resistance. While vitiligo with globally 1% inhabitants suffering from an autoimmune disorder of depigmentation as macules on skin. Both diseases have two common characteristics: affecting the quality of life; chances of relapse due to ineffectiveness and short-lived treatments. For leishmaniasis, pentavalent antimonials in intravenous mode are the propitious large-scale approach; oral drug miltefosine and liposomal amphotericin B have been in use for a long term. Various combination therapies of paromomycin, sitamaquine, and pentamidine with antimonials up to some extent have delimited the degree of reoccurrence. However, the cost-ineffectiveness, short-term, and detrimental side effects are the roots of failure. Treatment via topical drugs, phototherapies, and surgeries has delimited effectiveness for vitiligo. This review studies the therapeutic approach of a total of 16 essential oils from plants in treating Leishmaniasis and vitiligo with efficacy and long-term effects. Among the 6 EOs notable effect of Bergamot oil with nano-lipid formulations manifested potential for permanent repigmentation. This review also noted the promising potentiality of essential oil mono-therapies, its combination utilities with current drugs could be the active and potential approach to treatment. Such as the combination anti-leishmanial effect of Curcumin and eucalyptus essential oil with miltefosine and glucantime respectively. The phenomenal effects of essential oil from Tetradenia riparia suggested notable anti-leishmanial and immunological responses towards Leishmania and could be utilized as an Anti-leishmanial drug with further insights.