The role of exosomes in glioblastoma treatment

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) that play a key role in cell-to-cell communication. These small EVs are secreted by all cell types and are deeply involved in cancer cell communication. Exosomal content, including proteins, lipids, DNA, RNA, and microRNAs, depends on the cell of origin and its physiological and pathological state. Moreover, evidence suggests that exosomes play a key role in tumor initiation and progression, leading to a growing interest in these EVs as a potential source of biomarkers for diagnosis, disease progression, and prognosis. Exosomes also claimed attention for their worthy role as potential delivery platforms for GB treatment. Recently, several studies have taken advantage of exosomes’ attractive features to design more specific and biocompatible therapeutic strategies for cancer, including GB. Therefore, the application of exosome-based carriers has been extensively investigated for tumor-targeted therapy in the emerging era of precision medicine.