Identifying and characterising digital behaviour change interventions to improve fruit and vegetable intake in low-socioeconomic status primary school children: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background: Digital behaviour change interventions aiming to increase dietary intakes; specifically fruit and vegetable intake, in low-socioeconomic children are being developed and tested. However there is currently no synthesis of the characteristics or reported effectiveness of these interventions . This systematic review aims to: (1) identify existing digital interventions targeting fruit and vegetable intake in low-socioeconomic status children, (2) identify and synthesise characteristics or reported effectiveness of these interventions using the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology. Method: CINAHL, ERIC, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ACM Digital Library and Scopus were searched from December 2021 – February 2022. Inclusion criteria for studies were: 1) children of low-SES families, aged between 5-11 years old; 2) Digital intervention to improve fruit and vegetable intake; 3) Comparison groups could be digital or non-digital; 4) Outcome measures were fruit and vegetable intake and antecedents to diet behaviours; 5) Randomised controlled trials (cluster and parallel designs). Characteristics of identified studies were coded using the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy and Modes of Delivery, Setting and Source ontologies of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology. Results: Five studies met all inclusion criteria, with majority reporting significant effects of interventions on improving fruit and vegetable intake. Most common Behaviour Change Techniques found were Goal Setting (k=4), Problem Solving (k=3), Instruction on how to perform a Behaviour (k=3), and Prompts and Cues (k=3). Characteristics relating to intervention source were unclear. Conclusions : Digital interventions had positive outcomes; specifically in fruit and vegetable intake in children. Characteristics in digital interventions which have direct effects on child fruit and vegetable intake in low-socioeconomic families should be further investigated. This could tailor an intervention to target a specific population group. Furthermore, a need for clearer reporting on intervention characteristics is needed.