Screening for biomorphological and cytogenetic features of polemonium caeruleum l. after colchicine application

Background. Currently, it is quite relevant in breeding to create varieties with high yields of raw materials and the content of biologically active compounds. This work aim is to identify promising forms of P. caeruleum L. is for further inclusion in the breeding process based on biomorphological, anatomical, cytogenetic studies and the bioproductivity of colchicine-induced and wild-growing forms in comparison with the Lazur variety. Materials and methods. To obtain polyploids in 2018, the seeds of the P. caeruleum L. the Lazur variety were germinated in Petri dishes on filter paper at room temperature. When the roots reached the length of the seed, they were placed in different concentrations of colchicine solution 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 % and 0.52 % for 12 and 24 hours, then washed in running water for three hours. Results. The article for the first time presents data on a comparative study of three forms of Polemonium caeruleum L. in terms of morphological characteristics, microscopy of the leaf epidermis and cytogenetic analysis. It was established that the raw materials productivity of the underground part of the plants tetraploid forms in the C1 generation significantly exceeded the diploid and wild forms of plants by 32 %, as well as the yield of seeds by 22 %. In the C2 generation, the yield of raw materials (rhizomes with roots) in tetraploid plants increases in relation to the control by 56 %, seeds by 34 %. Quantitative determination of the amount of triterpene saponins in terms of β-escin in the plant material of three forms of P. caeruleum L. showed an excess of this indicator in the colchicine form by 24 % in the grass and by 36 % in rhizomes with roots, in the wild-growing form - by 15 % in the aerial part and decrease in the underground part by 9 % in relation to the control. It was found that plants of colchicine and wild forms differ in the presence of larger stomata compared to the control. Based on the pattern of DAPI-bandin and the distribution of 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA genes, a generalized species idiogram of blue cyanosis was constructed, taking into account polymorphic variants of DAPI-bandin patterns and indicating the location of the sites of 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA genes. The cytogenetic stability of the resulting tetraploid form was revealed. Conclusion. The article presents comparative studies on morphological characteristics, bioproductivity, microscopy of the leaf epidermis and cytogenetic analysis of the tetraploid form (colchicine) of P. caeruleum L. in comparison with the variety Lazur (diploid form) and the wild form of P. caeruleum L. plants.