Cognitive Techniques

This chapter introduces basic cognitive approaches utilized in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for a wide range of disorders. A description of the CBT model is provided, along with visual illustrations that can be used with patients. The process of identifying, challenging, and restructuring negative, unhelpful thoughts is explained in detail. The use of thought records is introduced, and common cognitive distortions are discussed, accompanied by numerous examples. A brief overview of third-wave cognitive techniques (i.e., cognitive defusion) provides a contrast to the change-based techniques in traditional CBT. Two case examples illustrate the various concepts discussed throughout the chapter. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of some important considerations in the implementation of cognitive techniques in clinical practice.