Wilms’ Tumor

Wilms’ tumor (WT) or nephroblastoma is the most common embryonal tumor of renal origin in children, but extrarenal localization may rarely occur. The tumor can involve one or both kidneys, with one or multiple nodes. Ultrasound with Doppler, CT scan, and MRI are used to estimate the extent of the tumor. Histology shows three elements (triphasic): blastema, epithelial and stroma cells, and all three cell types may become anaplastic. However, most often, this involves the blastema cells. Nephrogenic rests are persisting embryonal cells, which are thought to be precursors of Wilms’ tumor. Surgery and appropriate chemotherapy are essential. International study groups have achieved impressive success in the treatment of Wilms’ tumor, with cure rates today between 85 and 90%. However, long-term follow-up investigations are essential to detect local recurrences or distant metastasis.