Prevalence of ADHD and Related Factors in Some Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

Abstract: Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Despite extensive research, a gap remains in understanding ADHD prevalence and associated factors in select Asian countries. Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aims to estimate ADHD prevalence, identify associated factors, assess study quality, and explore sources of heterogeneity in Asian countries. Methods: Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, electronic databases will be systematically searched for observational studies reporting ADHD prevalence and associated factors. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment will be conducted by two independent reviewers. Pooled prevalence will be estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis if homogeneity is present. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression will explore heterogeneity. Factors associated with ADHD will be synthesized narratively. Results: The protocol outlines a comprehensive methodology for estimating ADHD prevalence and examining associated factors in Asian countries, including Iran, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Findings will be instrumental in shaping interventions and strategies for ADHD management in the region. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol will bridge knowledge gaps regarding ADHD prevalence and associated factors in select Asian countries. By adhering to rigorous methodologies and the PRISMA guidelines, the study aims to contribute to informed clinical practices, public health policies, and future research initiatives tailored to the unique context of the region.