Rare Tumors in Adults, Including Medulloblastoma

Abstract This chapter discusses six rare tumors of the central nervous system in adults: medulloblastoma in adults, cerebellar liponeurocytoma, diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT), ganglioglioma, pineal parenchymal tumors, and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA). The incidence, clinical characteristics, histology, radiographic details, treatment, and outcomes are outlined for each disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics are provided for each tumor type. Importantly, following the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors, the molecular profile of each tumor type is provided. Current knowledge on molecular advancements within the study of each of these tumors is reviewed and is a key theme as new molecular discoveries are incorporated into evolving treatment approaches. Multidisciplinary management, often at centers with specialized neuro-oncology providers, is recommended for these rare tumors. References are provided for more detailed information.