The Bacterial Gq Signal Transduction Inhibitor Fr900359 Impairs Soil-associated and Plant Pathogenic Nematodes

Abstract The cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR) is derived from the soil bacterium Chromobacterium vaccinii and known to bind G q proteins of mammals and insects, thereby abolishing the signal transduction of their G q protein-coupled receptors, a process that leads to severe physiological consequences. Due to their highly conserved structure, G q family of proteins are a superior ecological target for FR producing organisms, resulting in a defense towards a broad range of harmful organisms. Here, we focus on the question whether bacteria like C. vaccinii are important factors in soil in that their secondary metabolites impair, e.g., plant harming organisms like nematodes. We prove that the G q inhibitor FR is produced under soil-like conditions. Furthermore, FR inhibits heterologously expressed Gα q proteins of the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Heterodera schachtii in the micromolar range. Additionally, in vivo experiments with C. elegans and the plant parasitic cyst nematode H. schachtii demonstrated that FR reduces locomotion of C. elegans and H. schachtii . Finally, egg-laying of C. elegans and hatching of juvenile stage 2 of H. schachtii from its cysts is inhibited by FR, suggesting that FR might reduce nematode dispersion and proliferation. This study supports the idea that C. vaccinii and its excreted metabolome in the soil might contribute to an ecological equilibrium, maintaining and establishing the successful growth of plants.