Advantageous properties of halide perovskite quantum dots towards energy-efficient sustainable applications

As lead halide perovskite (LHP) semiconductors have shown tremendous promise in many application fields, and particularly made strong impact in the solar photovoltaic area, low dimensional quantum dot forms of these perovskites are showing the potential to make distinct marks in the fields of electronics, optoelectronics and photonics. The so-called perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) not only possess the most important features of LHP materials, i.e., the unusual high defect tolerance, but also demonstrate clear quantum size effects, along with exhibiting desirable optoelectronic properties such as near perfect photoluminescent quantum yield, multiple exciton generation and slow hot-carrier cooling. Here, we review the advantageous properties of these nanoscale perovskites and survey the prospects for diverse applications which include light-emitting devices, solar cells, photocatalysts, lasers, detectors and memristors, emphasizing the distinct superiorities as well as the challenges.