The impact of cancer-related lower extremity lymphedema on patient quality of life: a qualitative meta-synthesis

Abstract Lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) is a common and potentially debilitating chronic condition associated with cancer treatment. Research has outlined the substantial psychosocial and quality-of-life (QOL) sequelae associated with lymphedema, primarily of the upper extremities and through the use of quantitative methods. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize, synthesize, and appraise qualitative literature exploring the impact of LEL on patients' QOL and psychosocial well-being after cancer treatment. Nine databases were searched for qualitative research articles published before May 1, 2022. Six eligible articles were included. Four studies used individual semistructured interviews, one used open-ended survey questions, and one used structured interviews. There was a total of 248 participants (average age: 59.8 years) included in the reviewed articles, ranging from 13 to 178 participants. Most participants were women and had a history of gynecologic cancer. All studies described psychosocial challenges experienced by individuals with cancer-related LEL. Four key themes were identified: (1) physical burden and functional limitations, (2) psychologic and emotional impacts, (3) financial implications, and (4) relational and social sequelae. Despite available qualitative data suggesting that cancer-related LEL has negative consequences on patients' QOL, there is still a significant need for increased research to broaden our understanding of the cancer-related LEL experience to better inform policy and practical guideline development.