Online energy management optimization of hybrid energy storage microgrid with reversible solid oxide cell: A model-based study

Microgrids (MGs) that contain a reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) system and battery energy storage system (BESS) are gaining prominence in terminal load supply and renewable energy consumption. However, the economy and durability are highly dependent on the reliability of its energy management system (EMS). Herein, a model-based online optimal control strategy is proposed to obtain optimal schedule decisions for EMS. Firstly, the aging of BESS and the efficiency of the rSOC system are considered simultaneously, and are modeled in detail. Subsequently, the optimal energy management (OEM) is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem based on the constructed model. On this basis, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the optimization search, a novel multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is proposed and verified, which hybridizes the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II and tabu search, and incorporates improved crossover and mutation operations. Afterwards, data from a commercial user in Ningxia, China was used for the case study. The results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively slow down the aging of BESS and improve the efficiency of the rSOC system compared to the rule-based control strategy. Furthermore, compare with the rule-based control and economic dispatching strategy, the MG obtained a higher self-sufficiency rate (93.28%) and a shorter payback period (14.57 years) under the proposed OEM strategy.