Associations between high levels pesticide and adverse reproductive outcomes in females: A comprehensive review

Fertility rates have significantly decreased during the past several years, and unfavourable reproductive outcomes have increased. Exposure to pesticides increases the chance of developing chronic diseases including diabetes, cancer, and neurological problems. Moreover, it may reduce fertility and cause abnormal births. In addition, exposure to pesticides might raise the risk of reproductive problems such as irregular menstruation, reduced fertility, preterm post-termer birth, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, congenital abnormalities, and low birth weight. Studies have shown that approximately 50% of abortions and 17% of abnormal births occur in women who were exposed to pesticides during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Industrial substances known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have the potential to damage a person’s ability to reproduce, particularly in females. Human fertility may be adversely affected by pesticides, including contemporary organophosphate-based compounds like pyrethroids and triazines and historical organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and chlordane. The health of newborns and adults may be affected long-term by these impacts, which might potentially be handed down through several generations. This is concerning since exposure to these toxins during pregnancy or as an adult can harm the reproductive health of future generations. Many of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), even though some of them may no longer be created, are nevertheless extensively dispersed in the environment and pose a serious hazard to human health.