Exploring Factors Affecting Acceptance of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Female Patients with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

Abstract Background Patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) pose complex management challenges. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a superior therapeutic modality for chronic infectious diseases. However, limited patient knowledge about FMT can significantly impact their decision to accept or decline this treatment. Methods A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews conducted with patients experiencing rUTIs who expressed hesitancy towards FMT. The interviews took place between September 2021 and December 2022. Thematic analysis was conducted on the semi-structured interviews to identify perceived facilitators and barriers associated with FMT. Results The analysis included interviews with thirty adult female patients with rUTIs. Four facilitators influencing patients’ decision-making regarding FMT were identified: (1) the motivating role of hope and expectations for active patient participation; (2) the influence of healthcare providers, as well as family members and friends on patients’ decisions to pursue FMT; (3) the patients’ perception of FMT as a low-risk treatment option; and (4) the dedication to the advancement of medical treatments. In contrast, two primary barriers to accepting FMT were identified: (1) that conventional treatment controls disease activity, while FMT effects remain uncertain; and (2) that safety concerns surrounding FMT. Conclusions Acceptance of FMT among patients with rUTIs is influenced by multiple factors. To ensure informed consent, it is crucial for patients and their families to receive comprehensive information regarding various aspects ofFMT. This includes detailed explanations of donor selection criteria, fecal sample processing procedures, the FMT process itself, potential pain and discomfort experienced during FMT, and the integration of FMT into clinical practice. By providing this knowledge, healthcare providers can empower patients to make well-informed decisions regarding their treatment options. Registration The trial registration number, CHiCTR2100048970, was registered on July 19, 2021.