Spatio-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Summer Precipitation in China and Its Response to ENSO

This article was to reveal the spatio-temporal variation of summer precipitation in China and its response to El Nino- Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The results showed that the precipitation increased in 1900 s similar to 1950 s, then decreased in 1960 s similar to 1970 s, and increased in 1980 s similar to 2010 s again. In space, it presented a "five-layered sandwich structure" featuring rising-falling-rising-falling- rising from northwest to southeast. The precipitation was generally less when ENSO occurred, but there were differences in intensities, regions, and so on. For example, When El Nino (all types) occurred, there was more precipitation in the western Continental Basin and the southern Huaihe River Basin, but less in the Yellow River Basin. When the extremely strong and medium La Nina occurred, the precipitation was more in the central and less in the north and the south. When the weak La Nina occurred, the precipitation increased in the northwest, decreased in the southeast, and vice versa for the extremely weak La Nina. Precipitation and Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) were negatively correlated in time, however, in space, there was a negative correlation in the north, and a positive correlation in the south, the dividing line was approximately at 29 degrees N. In addition, the correlation between precipitation and ONI was proportional to the intensity of ENSO.