Protective Effect of Glucocorticoids against Symptomatic Disease in CSF1R Variant Carriers

Abstract Background There is an unmet need for the treatment of colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor ( CSF1R )‐related leukoencephalopathy. Objectives To evaluate the association of glucocorticoids (GCs) with disease onset and progression in CSF1R variant carriers. Methods Retrospective cohort study on CSF1R variants carriers (n = 41) whose medical records were collected at Mayo Clinic Florida from 2003 to 2023. We retrieved information on sex, ethnicity, family history, medications, disease onset, course and duration, neuroimaging features, and activities of daily living (ADL). Results Risk of developing symptoms was significantly lower for individuals who used GCs (n = 8) compared to individuals who did not (n = 33) (12.5% vs. 81.8%, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.10, P = 0.036). The risk of becoming dependent in ADL was markedly lower for the GCs group (0.0% vs. 43.8%, P = 0.006). White matter lesions and corpus callosum involvement were less common in the GCs group (62.5% vs. 96.6%, P = 0.026; 37.5% vs. 84.6%, P = 0.017; respectively). Conclusions We found a protective association of GCs in CSF1R variant carriers against developing CSF1R ‐related leukoencephalopathy. We call for further studies to validate our findings and investigate the potential application of GCs in CSF1R ‐related leukoencephalopathy. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.