New insights on massively introduced managed species and their consequences for plant-pollinator interactions

Introducing any species in a large number into an ecosystem is never a zero-sum game. In this paper, we assessed what are the main advances on the known impacts of Massively Introduced Managed Species (MIMS) on plant-pollinator communities and networks. We first focused on the raising body of literature studying the effects of the introduction of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in ecosystems. We then presented the growing concerns around emerging MIMS, be they plants or pollinators, with a highlight on oceanic islands. Finally, we proposed a roadmap to construct solutions with local actors as an incentive to regulate MIMS, notably in protected areas.